Alpha-GPC (Glycerophosphocholine) – 20 mg
Alpha-GPC is a highly bioavailable choline compound that serves as a precursor to acetylcholine, a neurotransmitter essential for memory, learning, and neuromuscular function.
Choline is also a structural component of cell membranes, playing a key role in maintaining membrane fluidity and integrity.
By supporting acetylcholine synthesis, Alpha-GPC contributes to cognitive performance, attention, and mental clarity. It is also involved in phospholipid metabolism and supports normal brain structure and signaling, making it an important nutrient for long-term neurological health.
Asian Ginseng (Panax ginseng) – 10 mg
Asian ginseng (Panax ginseng) is a well-known adaptogenic herb that has been used for centuries in traditional Asian medicine to support vitality, resilience, and overall well-being.
The root of Panax ginseng contains a group of bioactive compounds called ginsenosides, which are believed to be responsible for many of its physiological effects. These compounds interact with various biological pathways involved in stress response, energy metabolism, and nervous system function.
As an adaptogen, Asian ginseng helps the body adapt to physical, mental, and environmental stressors by supporting the normal function of the hypothalamic–pituitary–adrenal (HPA) axis. This may contribute to improved mental endurance, reduced perception of fatigue, and enhanced ability to cope with demanding situations. Ginseng is also associated with supporting cognitive performance, including attention, concentration, and mental clarity, particularly during periods of increased workload or stress.
In addition to its effects on mental and physical performance, Asian ginseng supports normal immune system function by influencing immune cell activity and maintaining immune balance. It also plays a role in supporting healthy glucose metabolism and overall metabolic function. Due to its broad range of bioactive compounds, Panax ginseng contributes to general vitality, energy levels, and physiological resilience without acting as a stimulant.
Vitamin E (Tocopheryl acetate) – 3 mg (25% NRV)
Vitamin E is a fat-soluble vitamin with strong antioxidant properties that plays a critical role in protecting cells from oxidative damage.
It helps safeguard cell membranes by neutralizing free radicals generated through normal metabolic activity and environmental exposure. Tocopheryl acetate is a stable form of vitamin E commonly used to ensure consistent bioavailability.
Vitamin E contributes to the maintenance of normal immune system function and supports intercellular communication. It is particularly important for tissues rich in lipids, such as the skin and nervous system, where oxidative stress can affect structural integrity.
In addition to its antioxidant role, vitamin E supports normal blood vessel function and contributes to the protection of polyunsaturated fatty acids within cell membranes. Its activity helps maintain cellular stability and long-term physiological resilience.
Vitamin D3 (as Cholecalciferol) – 35 μg (700% NRV)
Vitamin D3 (cholecalciferol) is a fat-soluble vitamin that plays a central role in maintaining calcium and phosphorus balance in the body.
It supports the normal absorption and utilization of calcium and phosphorus from the digestive tract, which is essential for the development and maintenance of healthy bones and teeth. Adequate vitamin D3 status is also necessary for normal muscle function, as it influences muscle contraction and strength.
Beyond its well-known role in skeletal health, vitamin D3 is deeply involved in the regulation of the immune system. It interacts with vitamin D receptors present in many tissues and immune cells, helping to modulate immune responses and support overall immune balance. Vitamin D3 also participates in cellular differentiation and normal cell division processes, highlighting its broader importance in overall physiological regulation.
Because vitamin D3 is synthesized in the skin through exposure to sunlight, dietary intake or supplementation can be particularly important in regions with limited sunlight, during winter months, or for individuals who spend most of their time indoors. Maintaining sufficient vitamin D3 levels supports systemic physiological balance, bone integrity, muscle performance, and normal immune function across the body.
Nicotinamide Mononucleotide (NMN) – 80 mg
Nicotinamide mononucleotide (NMN) is a naturally occurring compound that serves as a direct precursor to nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD⁺), a coenzyme essential for cellular energy metabolism.
NAD⁺ is required for mitochondrial function, redox reactions, and the production of adenosine triphosphate (ATP), the primary energy currency of cells.
As NAD⁺ levels tend to decline with age, maintaining sufficient availability of its precursors is an area of active scientific research. NMN supports the biosynthesis of NAD⁺ and thereby contributes to normal cellular energy production and metabolic regulation.
In addition to its role in energy metabolism, NAD⁺ is involved in DNA repair, cellular signaling, and the regulation of enzymes associated with cellular maintenance. Through its role as an NAD⁺ precursor, NMN supports cellular vitality, metabolic efficiency, and long-term physiological function.
L-Arginine – 10 mg
L-Arginine is a semi-essential amino acid that plays a central role in the synthesis of nitric oxide (NO), a signaling molecule involved in the regulation of blood vessel dilation and blood flow.
By supporting nitric oxide production, L-Arginine contributes to normal vascular function and the efficient delivery of oxygen and nutrients to tissues throughout the body.
Beyond its role in the cardiovascular system, L-Arginine is involved in protein metabolism, cellular division, and normal immune system function. It also supports recovery processes following physical exertion and contributes to the maintenance of overall metabolic efficiency and physiological balance.
Hydrolyzed Marine Collagen – 20 mg
Collagen is the most abundant structural protein in the human body and a key component of skin, joints, tendons, ligaments, bones, and connective tissue.
Hydrolyzed marine collagen is derived from fish sources and is enzymatically broken down into smaller peptides, which improves its digestibility and absorption compared to native collagen. These collagen peptides provide amino acids such as glycine, proline, and hydroxyproline, which are essential for the body’s own collagen synthesis.
Collagen plays an important role in maintaining the structural integrity, elasticity, and strength of connective tissues. Adequate collagen availability supports normal skin structure, joint flexibility, and tissue resilience. As endogenous collagen production naturally declines with age, dietary collagen intake can contribute to maintaining normal connective tissue function.
Nicotinamide Adenine Dinucleotide (NAD⁺) – 10 mg
NAD⁺ is a coenzyme found in all living cells and is fundamental to energy metabolism and cellular function. It directly participates in oxidation-reduction reactions that convert nutrients into usable cellular energy in the form of ATP.
NAD⁺ is particularly important for proper mitochondrial function, as mitochondria are responsible for energy production within cells.
As the body ages, natural NAD⁺ levels gradually decline, which is associated with reduced cellular energy and metabolic efficiency. Maintaining adequate NAD⁺ availability supports normal enzyme activity, cellular vitality, and physiological processes related to repair, regeneration, and long-term cellular health.
Vitamin A (Retinyl Palmitate) – 1000 μg (125% NRV)
Vitamin A is an essential fat-soluble vitamin involved in numerous physiological processes, including vision, immune function, and cellular differentiation.
Retinyl palmitate is a stable storage form of vitamin A that is converted by the body into active retinol as needed. Vitamin A is particularly important for normal vision, especially under low-light conditions.
Beyond vision, vitamin A supports the maintenance of healthy skin and mucous membranes, which serve as critical physical barriers against environmental factors. It also plays a role in immune system regulation by supporting normal immune cell development and function.
Vitamin A is involved in gene expression and cell specialization, making it essential for growth, tissue maintenance, and overall physiological regulation. Adequate intake supports long-term systemic balance and tissue integrity.
Gamma-Butyrobetaine (GBBgo®) – 5 mg
Gamma-Butyrobetaine is a naturally occurring compound in the body and serves as a direct precursor to L-Carnitine biosynthesis.
It plays a regulatory role in fatty acid metabolism and mitochondrial energy production by supporting endogenous carnitine availability.
GBB has been studied for its role in metabolic activation and cellular energy processes, particularly in physically active individuals. By supporting fatty acid transport and utilization, Gamma-Butyrobetaine contributes to energy efficiency, metabolic flexibility, and cellular performance under increased energy demand.
L-Carnitine – 20 mg
L-Carnitine is a naturally occurring amino acid derivative that plays a central role in cellular energy metabolism. Its primary biological function is the transport of long-chain fatty acids into the mitochondria, where they are oxidized and converted into energy.
his process is essential for tissues with high energy demands, such as skeletal muscle, heart muscle, and the brain.
By supporting efficient mitochondrial function, L-Carnitine contributes to physical endurance, metabolic flexibility, and cognitive energy. It is also involved in the removal of metabolic byproducts from cells, supporting overall cellular efficiency. Adequate L-Carnitine levels are important for maintaining normal muscle function, cardiovascular health, and metabolic balance.
L-Glycine – 12 mg
L-Glycine is the smallest and one of the most essential amino acids in the human body. It is involved in the synthesis of proteins, including collagen, as well as in the production of creatine, heme, and glutathione.
As a neurotransmitter, glycine has inhibitory effects in the central nervous system and contributes to maintaining neural balance.
Glycine supports relaxation and normal sleep by participating in the regulation of body temperature and neural activity during rest. It also plays a role in detoxification processes and antioxidant defense, making it an important contributor to overall physiological balance and metabolic health.
Chromium Amino Acid Chelate – 100 μg (250% NRV)
Chromium is an essential trace mineral that plays a role in normal macronutrient metabolism, particularly carbohydrate and lipid metabolism.
It enhances insulin signaling and supports the body’s ability to maintain normal blood glucose levels within a healthy range.
The amino acid chelate form of chromium improves absorption and bioavailability, allowing for more efficient utilization by the body. Chromium contributes to metabolic health, energy regulation, and overall nutrient utilization, especially in diets with fluctuating carbohydrate intake.
Melatonin – 1 mg
Melatonin is a naturally occurring hormone primarily synthesized in the pineal gland in response to darkness.
It plays a central role in regulating the body’s circadian rhythm, often referred to as the internal biological clock, which coordinates sleep–wake cycles, hormonal secretion, and various physiological processes over a 24-hour period.
Melatonin production is tightly linked to light exposure, increasing in the evening and decreasing in the morning.
By signaling to the body that it is time to rest, melatonin supports normal sleep onset, sleep quality, and overall circadian alignment. It helps synchronize internal biological rhythms with external environmental cues, which is particularly relevant for individuals exposed to irregular light patterns, shift work, or long-distance travel across time zones.
Beyond its role in sleep regulation, melatonin exhibits antioxidant properties and contributes to cellular protection against oxidative stress. It interacts with various cellular pathways involved in inflammation, immune response, and mitochondrial function, supporting overall physiological
Hyaluronic Acid – 10 mg
Hyaluronic acid is a naturally occurring polysaccharide found in high concentrations in the skin, joints, eyes, and connective tissues.
It has a unique ability to bind and retain large amounts of water, making it essential for tissue hydration, lubrication, and elasticity. In the skin, hyaluronic acid contributes to moisture retention and structural support, while in joints it supports lubrication and shock absorption.
Within connective tissues, hyaluronic acid plays a role in maintaining normal joint mobility and cartilage function. It contributes to the viscoelastic properties of synovial fluid, helping reduce friction during movement and supporting overall joint comfort.
Beyond its mechanical functions, hyaluronic acid is involved in cellular processes such as tissue repair and extracellular matrix maintenance. Its presence supports overall tissue integrity and physiological balance across multiple systems in the body.
Citicoline – 10 mg
Citicoline, also known as CDP-choline, is a naturally occurring compound involved in the synthesis of phosphatidylcholine, a major phospholipid in cell membranes.
It plays an important role in maintaining neuronal membrane integrity and supporting neurotransmitter production.
Citicoline supports cognitive function by contributing to brain energy metabolism and neural communication. It is studied for its role in attention, memory, and mental processing speed, as well as its contribution to long-term brain health and cellular repair mechanisms.
Liposomal Curcumin – 40 mg
Curcumin is the primary bioactive compound found in the root of Curcuma longa (turmeric) and has been extensively studied for its antioxidant properties.
It helps protect cells from oxidative stress caused by free radicals and supports the maintenance of a balanced inflammatory response within the body. Curcumin also plays a role in supporting overall cellular health and metabolic equilibrium.
The liposomal form of curcumin significantly enhances its bioavailability by encapsulating the molecule in lipid vesicles, which facilitate its absorption and transport across cellular membranes. This improved delivery allows curcumin to be more effectively utilized by the body in supporting joint health, cellular protection, and normal physiological balance.
Fo Ti Extract (Polygonum multiflorum) – 10 mg
Fo Ti (Polygonum multiflorum), also known as He Shou Wu, is a traditional herbal extract that has been used for centuries in East Asian herbal medicine.
It is derived from the root of the plant and contains a range of bioactive compounds, including stilbenes, anthraquinones, and flavonoids, which contribute to its antioxidant and cellular protective properties. These phytochemicals help support the body’s defense against oxidative stress and contribute to overall cellular resilience.
Traditionally, Fo Ti has been associated with supporting vitality, longevity, and general well-being. It has been used to promote metabolic balance, maintain healthy energy levels, and support the body’s natural restorative processes. Modern research has explored its role in supporting mitochondrial function, cellular protection, and normal metabolic activity, particularly in relation to energy production and stress adaptation.
Fo Ti is also linked to supporting normal skin and hair health, as it contributes to overall nutrient balance and antioxidant protection within the body. While it is not an essential nutrient, its broad spectrum of bioactive compounds supports physiological equilibrium and helps maintain general vitality and adaptive capacity under normal conditions.
Gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) – 20 mg
Gamma-Aminobutyric Acid, commonly known as GABA, is the primary inhibitory neurotransmitter in the human nervous system.
It plays a crucial role in regulating neuronal excitability by counterbalancing excitatory signals in the brain. This balance is essential for maintaining calmness, emotional regulation, and normal stress response.
Adequate GABA activity supports relaxation, promotes mental tranquility, and contributes to normal sleep initiation and quality. GABA is also involved in regulating muscle tone and nervous system recovery following stress. Supporting GABA pathways helps maintain overall nervous system equilibrium and psychological stability.
L-Theanine – 20 mg
L-Theanine is a unique amino acid found primarily in the leaves of Camellia sinensis (green tea). It readily crosses the blood–brain barrier and influences central nervous system activity by modulating neurotransmitters such as GABA, dopamine, and serotonin.
L-Theanine is well known for promoting relaxation without sedation, supporting a calm yet attentive mental state.
Research indicates that L-Theanine increases alpha brain wave activity, which is associated with focused attention, creativity, and reduced mental tension. It may help smooth cognitive overstimulation and support emotional balance, particularly in demanding or high-stress environments. L-Theanine is often used to support sustained concentration, mental clarity, and overall psychological well-being.
Niacin (Vitamin B3) – 10 mg (62.5% NRV)
Niacin, also known as vitamin B3, is an essential water-soluble vitamin involved in the formation of NAD and NADP, two coenzymes required for cellular energy production.
These coenzymes participate in hundreds of enzymatic reactions related to carbohydrate, fat, and protein metabolism. Without adequate niacin, normal energy conversion processes cannot function efficiently.
In addition to its role in metabolism, niacin supports normal nervous system function, skin health, and psychological well-being. It contributes to maintaining healthy mucous membranes and supports overall cellular energy balance. Niacin intake is essential for sustaining metabolic efficiency and vitality.
L-Citrulline – 10 mg
L-Citrulline is an amino acid that serves as a precursor to L-Arginine in the body and indirectly supports nitric oxide production.
Compared to direct arginine intake, citrulline is metabolized more efficiently and results in a more sustained increase in circulating arginine levels.
Through this mechanism, L-Citrulline supports normal blood flow, physical endurance, and muscle function. It also plays a role in the elimination of ammonia, a metabolic byproduct, thereby contributing to metabolic balance and recovery following physical activity.
Vitamin C (Ascorbic Acid) – 20 mg (25% NRV)
Vitamin C is an essential water-soluble vitamin with powerful antioxidant properties. It plays a central role in immune system support, collagen synthesis, and protection of cells from oxidative damage.
Vitamin C also contributes to the regeneration of other antioxidants within the body.
Additionally, vitamin C supports iron absorption, wound healing, and normal energy metabolism. Its role in collagen formation makes it essential for healthy skin, blood vessels, joints, and connective tissues.
Phosphatidylserine – 5 mg
Phosphatidylserine is a phospholipid that is highly concentrated in brain cell membranes, where it supports cell signaling and structural integrity.
It plays a key role in neurotransmitter release and communication between neurons.
Phosphatidylserine supports cognitive function, memory, and stress adaptation. It is also involved in regulating cortisol response and supporting mental performance during periods of psychological or physical stress. Maintaining adequate phosphatidylserine levels is important for healthy brain aging and neurological function.
Elderberry Juice Concentrate (Sambucus nigra) – 20 mg
Elderberry is rich in anthocyanins and flavonoids, which are potent antioxidant compounds. These bioactives support immune system function by helping protect cells from oxidative stress and supporting the body’s natural defense mechanisms.
Traditionally used during seasonal challenges, elderberry contributes to overall immune resilience and general wellness. Its antioxidant profile also supports cardiovascular health and cellular protection throughout the body.
Vinpocetine – 1 mg
Vinpocetine is a synthetic derivative of the alkaloid vincamine, which is extracted from the plant Vinca minor (lesser periwinkle).
It has been extensively studied in relation to the support of normal brain function and cerebral circulation. Its primary mechanism of action is associated with the modulation of cerebral blood flow and the optimization of oxygen and nutrient delivery to nerve cells.
Vinpocetine supports the normal energy metabolism of neurons by participating in the regulation of glucose and oxygen utilization within brain tissue. This is particularly important for cognitive processes such as concentration, attention, and mental clarity, especially during periods of increased mental demand. In addition, vinpocetine exhibits antioxidant properties and contributes to the protection of nerve cells from oxidative stress.
Through its influence on cellular signaling and microcirculation, vinpocetine supports the maintenance of normal nervous system function. It is the subject of scientific interest in relation to cognitive support and the physiological functioning of the brain, without exerting stimulant or sedative effects.
Saffron Extract (Crocus sativus) – 14 mg
Saffron extract is obtained from the stigmas of the Crocus sativus flower and contains bioactive compounds such as crocin, crocetin, and safranal.
These compounds exhibit antioxidant properties and play a role in supporting neurotransmitter balance within the central nervous system. Saffron has been traditionally used to support emotional well-being and mental balance.
Modern research has focused on saffron’s role in supporting mood, cognitive function, and stress adaptation. Its antioxidant activity contributes to cellular protection, while its influence on neurotransmitter pathways supports psychological resilience. Saffron is also studied for its potential role in supporting healthy sleep patterns and overall mental wellness.
Biotin (Vitamin B7) – 100 μg (200% NRV)
Biotin is a water-soluble B-vitamin that acts as a coenzyme for several carboxylase enzymes involved in key metabolic pathways.
These pathways include the metabolism of carbohydrates, fats, and proteins, as well as the synthesis of fatty acids and glucose. Biotin is therefore essential for normal cellular energy production.
Biotin supports the maintenance of healthy skin, hair, and nails by contributing to normal protein synthesis and metabolic function within rapidly dividing tissues. It also plays a role in normal nervous system function and psychological well-being.
Because biotin is involved in fundamental metabolic processes, adequate levels are necessary for maintaining overall metabolic efficiency, energy balance, and physiological stability throughout the body.
Milk Thistle (Silybum marianum, standardized to 80% silymarin) – 10 mg
Milk thistle is a botanical extract derived from the seeds of Silybum marianum and is standardized for silymarin, a complex of flavonolignans with strong antioxidant activity.
Silymarin supports liver cell integrity by helping protect hepatocytes from oxidative damage caused by metabolic processes and environmental toxins. It also supports normal liver enzyme activity and contributes to the maintenance of healthy detoxification pathways.
In addition to its antioxidant properties, milk thistle supports bile production and digestive function, aiding the body’s natural ability to process fats and nutrients. Traditionally used in herbal medicine for centuries, milk thistle continues to be studied for its role in supporting liver health, cellular protection, and overall metabolic balance. Its antioxidant action also contributes to broader systemic protection against oxidative stress.
Palmitoylethanolamide (PEA) – 20 mg
Palmitoylethanolamide (PEA) is a naturally occurring lipid compound produced by the body in response to various physiological stimuli.
It belongs to a class of molecules related to the endocannabinoid system and plays a role in regulating cellular protective mechanisms and maintaining homeostasis.
PEA has been studied for its involvement in supporting normal nervous system function and the regulation of inflammatory processes. Through its interaction with specific cellular receptors, it helps support balanced cellular responses and overall physiological well-being, without exerting psychoactive effects.
Horny Goat Weed Extract (Epimedium brevicornum) – 500 μg
Horny goat weed is a botanical extract derived from Epimedium brevicornum that contains bioactive flavonoids, the most notable being icariin.
These compounds have been studied in relation to supporting normal vascular function and cellular signaling pathways.
Traditionally, hornу goat weed has been used to support vitality and physical energy. Contemporary research has explored its potential role in supporting energy balance, muscle function, and physiological adaptation to physical activity.
Tyrosine – 80 mg
Tyrosine is a naturally occurring amino acid that plays a foundational role in the synthesis of several important neurotransmitters, including dopamine, norepinephrine, and epinephrine.
Tyrosine is a non-essential amino acid and precursor for key neurotransmitters including dopamine, norepinephrine, and epinephrine. These neurotransmitters play a vital role in maintaining focus, mental performance, and alertness, especially under stress or fatigue. Supplementing with tyrosine may help support cognitive function during demanding situations and improve mental resilience.
N-Acetylcysteine (NAC) – 10 mg
N-Acetylcysteine is a bioavailable form of the amino acid cysteine and serves as a direct precursor to glutathione, one of the most important endogenous antioxidants produced by the body.
Glutathione plays a central role in cellular defense, detoxification, immune regulation, and protection against oxidative damage at the mitochondrial level.
NAC supports normal redox balance by replenishing intracellular glutathione stores, particularly in tissues with high metabolic activity such as the liver and lungs. It also contributes to normal respiratory function by supporting mucus regulation and cellular defense mechanisms. Through its antioxidant and detoxification-supporting roles, NAC helps maintain overall cellular health and resilience.
Tamarind Extract (Tamarindus indica) – 5 mg
Tamarind extract is derived from the fruit of the Tamarindus indica tree and contains naturally occurring polyphenols, organic acids, and antioxidant compounds.
These bioactive components contribute to the extract’s role in supporting digestive health and cellular antioxidant defense.
Traditionally used in various cultures for digestive and metabolic support, tamarind contributes to normal gastrointestinal function and liver health. Its antioxidant activity helps protect cells from oxidative stress, while its phytochemical profile supports overall metabolic balance and detoxification pathways.
Caffeine – 20 mg
Caffeine is a naturally occurring methylxanthine compound that acts as a central nervous system stimulant. It exerts its effects primarily by antagonizing adenosine receptors, which helps reduce the perception of fatigue and supports wakefulness.
Through this mechanism, caffeine promotes increased alertness, attention, and reaction time.
At moderate intake levels, caffeine supports cognitive performance, mental clarity, and short-term physical endurance without excessive stimulation. It also influences neurotransmitter activity, including dopamine and norepinephrine, contributing to improved focus and perceived energy. Caffeine is one of the most extensively studied bioactive compounds in nutrition science.
